PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.